Studies on insect pest of broad leaved species : Life history of Poplar shoot borer ( Eucosma glaciata ) worked out and control measures standardised. Damage evaluation of beetles on different clones of Populus deltoides and Provenances of P. ciliata done.

Diseases in Poplar

Studies on insect pest of Conifers : On Deodar about 60 insect species cause various degrees of damage during different stages of growth amongst which, Ectropis deodarae is considered a most injurious pest and control measures suggested.

Deodar trees are also infected by a root rot disease, caused by Phytopthora cinnamomi, which can be controlled by applying Trichoderma viridae - a biological control agent.

The problem of mortality of Chir pine in the states of Haryana and Himachal Pradesh was found due to the heavy attack by four types of insect stem borers viz., Sphaenoptera aterrima, Cryptorhynchus rufescens, Platypus biformis and Polygraphus longifolia and control measures suggested.

Chir pine mortality	Stem borers in Chir pine

The drying of Pinus wallichiana (Kail) recorded in HP and J&K was due to an outbreak of insect beetle, Pityogenes scitus. The effectiveness of biological control agent is being worked out for its management.

Huge mortality of Willow plantations at Sisso, Khangsar, Gondhala, Keylong and Stingari areas of cold deserts in Himachal Pradesh was mainly due to lack of water sources. Also, sick trees were heavily infested by 'Large Willow Aphid' Tuberolachnus salignus (Homoptera: Aphidoidea: Lachnidae). A proper management practice by eliminating monoculture, arranging alternative water flow around plantations and application of some contact insecticides are suggested.

Aphid on young Willow shoot	Mature Aphid on Willow shoot	Dead Willow trees